Which dead startup categories are worth trying again?
Each call names what killed the category, the metric that has moved since, the funded companies that died proving demand, and a dated prediction that resolves in public. Every call is hash-chained, so none can be quietly edited after the fact.
- 20 live categories
- 13 dated calls, 0 resolved
- $3.4B of disclosed capital in the graveyard
- next call due 2027-01-31
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The rule
A category is worth re-attempting when two things are true: funded companies already burned real money proving the demand, and the specific constraint that killed them has since crossed a threshold (cost, law, capability or install base). Webvan and Instacart are the canonical pair. How the rule was tested, and where it failed.
Ripe 1
The constraint crossed and funded companies died proving demand. The clock is running.
Trigger pending 6
A dated public event decides these. The board watches the source and resolves automatically where it can.
- Small modular nuclear reactorsTrigger pendingLicensing has crossed; first-of-a-kind cost and commercial operation have not.Killed by: Licensing path and first-of-a-kind cost
- Driverless truckingTrigger pendingOne operator runs driverless freight; the federal rule that would make it routine is not final.Killed by: Driverless reliability and federal operating rules
- Drone delivery (US)Trigger pendingThe enabling rule is proposed but not final. The board resolves its call automatically from the Federal Register.Killed by: Routine beyond-visual-line-of-sight flight
- Implantable brain-computer interfacesTrigger pendingEarly feasibility studies are running; no pivotal trial is registered yet.Killed by: A regulatory path for permanent implants
- Software freight brokerageTrigger pendingRates are recovering; the call on whether the recovery holds resolves from BLS data in 2027.Killed by: The truckload rate cycle
- Supersonic passenger flightTrigger pendingThe rule that would reopen overland routes is proposed, not final.Killed by: US ban on civil supersonic flight over land
Blocked on a check 5
One named check decides each of these. Unknown is not the same as no.
- Behind-the-meter power for computeBlocked on a checkThe crossing looks real; the graveyard is asserted at cohort level and must be enumerated before a ripe call.Killed by: Storage cost and grid access
- Broad clinical genetic testingBlocked on a checkCost keeps falling; the binding constraint, reimbursement, has no public series yet.Killed by: Insurer reimbursement for broad panels
- AI protein binder design as a serviceBlocked on a checkA peer-reviewed crossing exists; no named, funded graveyard yet.Killed by: Experimental hit rate of designed binders
- Apps for AI camera glassesBlocked on a checkThe install base is growing fast; platform-owner capture is the unpriced risk.Killed by: Install base, and access to it
- Obesity care on generic semaglutide (outside the US)Blocked on a checkThe compound patents lapse in 2026; the secondary-patent thicket check has not been run.Killed by: Drug price, set by patent protection
No-go 6
Popular ideas whose blocker has not moved, or got worse. Waiting does not help yet.
- Rural last-mile retail distribution in AfricaNo-goThe capital-duration mismatch that killed it has not changed.Killed by: Patient capital
- Consumer home robotsNo-goNeither the capital constraint nor the engagement problem has measurably changed.Killed by: Hardware margins and lasting use
- Indoor vertical farmingNo-goThe killing input, electricity, got more expensive. Waiting makes it worse.Killed by: Electricity price versus free sunlight
- Businesses priced off Starship launch costsNo-goNo one can buy launch at the assumed price yet; announced is not measured.Killed by: Measured, purchasable launch price
- Third-party clients on someone else's platformNo-goThe platform owner controls the enabler and has used that control; nothing has changed it.Killed by: Platform owner controls API access
- 15-minute grocery deliveryNo-goThe blocker was the price of money, and the fed funds rate is still above 3.5%.Killed by: Near-zero cost of capital
I don't know 2
The named blocker never moved, or it crossed and the category died anyway. The board abstains.
- Consumer genomics and health testingI don't knowThe named constraint crossed long ago and the category died anyway, so the rule abstains.Killed by: Cost of sequencing (named, but not binding)
- Electric air taxis (eVTOL)I don't knowThe regulatory blocker crossed and leaders still failed, so the rule abstains.Killed by: Powered-lift rules (named, but not binding)
Formed: the rule on history 19
Categories that died early, then formed once their binding constraint crossed. These are the backtest, not predictions.
- Online grocery deliveryFormedSmartphone ownership passed 45% of US adults in 2012, the year Instacart was founded.Killed by: Smartphone dispatch and gig labour
- On-demand local deliveryFormedSmartphone GPS dispatch and gig couriers arrived around 2011-2013; the winners were founded inside that window.Killed by: Smartphone GPS dispatch and gig labour
- Scan-to-web codesFormedCamera phones in three-quarters of pockets and native QR reading (2017) made scanning effortless.Killed by: A scanner in every pocket
- Personalised news feedsFormedAlways-on broadband (about 20 per 100 in 2006) made a constantly updating feed cheap to deliver.Killed by: Always-on broadband
- Camera glassesFormedSocial acceptance of always-present cameras and cheap on-device AI arrived by 2023.Killed by: Social norm around face-worn cameras
- Cloud infrastructure (utility computing)FormedHardware virtualisation matured in 2003; AWS launched S3 and EC2 in 2006.Killed by: Hardware virtualisation
- Consumer virtual realityFormedPhone displays and consumer GPUs made a few-hundred-dollar headset possible in 2012.Killed by: GPU and display cost
- Digital cashFormedDecentralised consensus (2009) removed the need for an issuing bank.Killed by: Issuer-free consensus
- LFP battery cellsFormedEV volume crossed the scale cell makers needed in the mid-2010s.Killed by: Electric-vehicle production volume
- Cloud music lockersFormedLicensed lockers launched in 2011, eleven years after the lawsuit.Killed by: Label licences for cloud copies
- Licensed music streamingFormedLabel licences for on-demand streaming arrived 2008-2011; Spotify launched as they did.Killed by: Label licences for on-demand streaming
- Online videoFormedBroadband passed 17 per 100 in 2005, the year YouTube launched.Killed by: Broadband and in-browser video
- Population genomicsFormedSequencing cost collapsed after 2008; population genomics became routine.Killed by: Cost of reading DNA
- Low-orbit satellite broadbandFormedReusable-era launch prices fell about 20x; Starlink followed.Killed by: Launch cost per kilogram
- Satellite phonesFormedThe network outlived its financing; cheaper launch and smaller radios made satellite service a business.Killed by: Launch cost and handset size
- Smartphones (pocket communicators)FormedMultitouch, low-power ARM chips and 3G converged in 2007.Killed by: Multitouch, low-power chips and mobile data
- Social networkingFormedBroadband and digital photos crossed around 2003; three social networks launched within two years.Killed by: Broadband and digital photo upload
- Tablet computersFormedThe iPhone's multitouch and ARM stack (2007) made the iPad (2010) possible.Killed by: Touch input and battery life
- Voice assistantsFormedDeep-learning speech recognition (2012) made open-ended voice commands usable.Killed by: Speech recognition accuracy
Not timing failures 19
Famous “too early” stories that fail the test. If a competitor succeeded at the same time, the enabler existed.
- QuibiNot a timing failureFree short video boomed in the same months.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Boo.comNot a timing failureNet-a-Porter launched online fashion in 2000 and succeeded.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- JuiceroNot a timing failureThe packs could be squeezed by hand; no enabler fixes that.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Aquion EnergyNot a timing failureIts pitch depended on lithium-ion staying expensive.Killed by: Bet that lithium-ion stays expensive
- Better PlaceNot a timing failureIt needed rival carmakers to standardise on its pack.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Cruise (robotaxis)Not a timing failureWaymo ran and expanded paid driverless service in the same years.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- eToysNot a timing failureAmazon sold toys online through the same period.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Excite@HomeNot a timing failureThe cable operators owned the pipes and took the market.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Fast (one-click checkout)Not a timing failureShop Pay and Amazon already offered one-click checkout at scale.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- FriendsterNot a timing failureMySpace succeeded in the same window with the same technology.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Blue Apron (meal kits)Not a timing failureHelloFresh grew in the same market over the same years.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- MySpaceNot a timing failureFacebook won in the same years with the same enablers.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Shift and Vroom (online used cars)Not a timing failureCarvana sold cars online through the same period and grew.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Pets.comNot a timing failureChewy needed no technology that Pets.com lacked.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- Bird (scooter sharing)Not a timing failureLime ran the same model in the same years and reached profitability.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- SegwayNot a timing failureShort trips went electric through a different, cheaper product.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- SolyndraNot a timing failureIts edge required a rival input to stay expensive; it got cheaper.Killed by: Bet that polysilicon stays expensive
- TheranosNot a timing failureThe core claims were false; the founder was convicted of fraud.Killed by: Nothing was missing
- TiVoNot a timing failureCable and satellite operators bundled DVRs and controlled distribution.Killed by: Nothing was missing